The Javan Rhino is found only in Indonesia’s Ujung Kulon National Park in west Java.They are estimated to live for 30 to 45 years “ Javan Rhino Habitat“ Like all rhinos, Javan rhinos smell and hear well, but have very poor vision. Behind the incisors, two rows of six low-crowned molars are used for chewing coarse plants. Their lower incisors are long and sharp when Javan rhinos fight, they use these teeth. Similar to the other browsing species of rhino (black and Sumatran), Javan rhinos have a long, pointed, upper lip which helps in grabbing food. Javan rhinos do not appear to often use their horn for fighting but instead uses it to scrape mud away in wallows, to pull down plants for eating, and to open paths through thick vegetation. Cows are the only extant rhinos that remain hornless into adulthood, though they may develop a tiny bump of an inch or two in height. Its horn is the smallest of all extant rhinos, usually less than 20 cm (7.9 in) with the longest recorded only 27 cm (11 in). Like the Indian rhino, the Javan rhinos have a single horn (the other extant species have two horns). The rhinos in Vietnam appeared to be significantly smaller than those in Java, based on studies of photographic evidence and measurements of their footprints. Adults are variously reported to weigh between 900 and 2,300 kg (1,980 and 5,070 lb), although a study to collect accurate measurements of the animals has never been conducted and is not a priority because of their extreme conservation status. No substantial size difference is seen between genders, but cows may be slightly bigger. The length of Javan rhinos including their head is 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13 feet), and they can reach a height of 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.6 ft). They are the largest animal in Java and the second-largest animal in Indonesia after the Asian elephant.
Javan rhinos are smaller than the Indian rhinoceros, and are close in size to the black rhinoceros. The rhino population has gradually increased, with at least one new calf recorded every year since 2012. Javan rhinos are found only in Indonesia’s Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), where ten years ago there were fewer than 50 Javan rhinos. Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) estimates the Javan rhino population at 76 individuals in 2022, a small increase over last year’s 75, with one birth and no deaths reported so far this year. Researchers rely on camera traps and fecal samples to gauge health and behavior. Scientists and conservationists rarely study the animals directly due to their extreme rarity and the danger of interfering with such an endangered species. Aside from humans, adults have no predators in their range. They are mostly solitary, except for courtship and offspring-rearing, though groups may occasionally congregate near wallows and salt licks. They historically inhabited lowland rain forest, wet grasslands, and large floodplains. Javan rhinos can live around 30–45 years in the wild. The Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus), also known as the Javan rhino, Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. Javan Rhino facts “ Javan rhino | Javan rhino population“
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